Unlike many European cities, Baden bei Wien has relatively recent church buildings because centuries of invasions and wars destroyed many of its earlier structures. Even so, the city’s oldest surviving churches provide a fascinating window into its Christian history. Let’s explore the oldest churches in Baden and the historical events that shaped them.
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Baden bei Wien – the European Mystery without Crowds
The Austrian Habsburg rulers and many of Europe’s greatest composers escaped to Baden, Austria, to rest, socialize, and enjoy its famous thermal springs. Today, the city still offers an authentic European experience without the crowds that fill Vienna. Yet beyond its elegant streets and historic buildings lies a collection of fascinating stories, surprising mysteries, and unusual details that many visitors simply walk past. In this article, we’ll explore some of Baden’s most significant historic sites, along with a few of its intriguing oddities, all within an easy walking tour.
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Three places you should not miss in Vienna
If you visit Vienna to explore church history, don’t limit yourself to the city’s famous cathedrals. Several lesser-known sites provide valuable insight into the world of the early church. The Papyrus Museum, the Ephesos Museum, and St. Augustine Church each offer a unique perspective on the history of Christianity and are well worth adding to your itinerary.
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How the Gospel First Reached Vienna
Long before Vienna became a city of churches, it was the Roman military settlement of Vindobona on the Danube frontier. During the first three centuries, soldiers, merchants, and travelers moved constantly along the river and its roads, connecting cities such as Passau (Germany), Linz, Vindobona (Vienna), and Aquincum (Budapest). Like many parts of the Roman Empire, Vienna most likely received the gospel through ordinary believers rather than a famous apostle.
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Unique things about the oldest churches in Vienna
As you walk into these oldest churches in Vienna, you will see a few unique things about each of them. The history is not so much different but what they host is quite distinct compared to other European cities. Let’s take a look at what we should look for in these churches.
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Walking through the Oldest Churches in Vienna
Walking through Vienna is like turning the pages of a living history book. While the city does not possess the third- and fourth-century churches found in places like Rome or Naples, its nearly thousand-year-old churches reveal an equally fascinating story. Built after Vienna grew from a Roman military outpost into a thriving medieval city, these churches reflect the faith that shaped the capital of the Habsburg Empire. They invite visitors to explore how Christianity influenced Vienna’s history and continues to leave its mark on the city today.
Walking tour map
Here is a path one can take that starts at some of the earliest churches near the Danube River and extends inland as the city developed.
One of my favorite things to do when I visit a new city is explore its oldest churches. I enjoy noticing their unique features, comparing them with churches I have visited elsewhere, and discovering what makes each one distinct. Even so, I know I miss details along the way. As I explored Vienna’s historic churches, I put together the following chart to help orient both myself and other readers.
Surprises in Vienna
My walk through Vienna brought several surprises. The first was how late the city’s historic churches appeared when compared with those of other European centers. After recently visiting Rome and Naples, where I explored churches dating to the third century, Vienna seemed to have developed much later. Curious about the reason, I did some research and discovered that Vienna began as a Roman military settlement and later grew into an important city. As the city expanded, its major churches followed.
I was also struck by the central role the Habsburg rulers played in building and supporting Vienna’s churches. Even more surprising, the remains of several emperors rest in different locations throughout the city. Their bodies lie in the Capuchin Crypt, their hearts in St. Augustine’s Church, and their internal organs in St. Stephen’s Cathedral. This unusual practice reminded me of Solomon’s famous judgment. He proposed dividing a living child to reveal the true mother, but wisdom ultimately spared the child. In contrast, the Habsburg tradition deliberately divided the remains of deceased rulers so that several important churches could preserve a connection to them. As an outsider, I find the custom fascinating, even if I struggle to understand the desire to keep a separate “piece” of a beloved emperor in different places.
Expectations on Visits
One aspect of Vienna impressed me above all: every historic church I visited remained open and active. Visitors can easily enter most churches, although crypts, catacombs, and special exhibits often require an admission fee. Because these churches continue to serve as places of worship, some areas were understandably inaccessible during services. Many also host concerts and evening musical performances, which adds another dimension to my visits. More than once, I discovered these events simply by stepping inside.
In this series on Vienna, I will briefly write about these churches and what I saw, including a Jewish site and visits to the Ephesus and Papyrus Museums near them.