The 2025 archaeological excavation at Colossae (modern Honaz, Denizli Province, Türkiye) opens the door to one of the few remaining biblical sites in Asia Minor. The primary excavations of this city may create answers to the many mysteries of the book of Colossians. Let’s consider some unique ideas about this ancient city in light of its biblical history.
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Beneath the Pahlavi Script: The Greek Bible That Refused to Be Silenced
One of the most fascinating artifacts in the Papyrus Museum of the Austrian National Library in Vienna appears at first to be a seemingly ordinary piece of worn parchment. Large, dark Pahlavi writing (Middle Persian) dominates its surface. However, a closer look beneath the bold letters reveals another text emerging, a much older Greek manuscript of the New Testament hidden underneath.
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The Making of the Bible as a Book
Most ancient histories began as oral traditions before they were written down and eventually compiled into complete works. The Bible, however, stands apart. Christians believe and know it is God’s inspired Word, and throughout history, people have taken extraordinary care to preserve and transmit its text. Today, it remains the most translated and widely distributed book in the world.
A visit to the Papyrus Museum in Vienna gave me a deeper appreciation for that remarkable history. As I examined ancient biblical manuscripts and fragments, I realized how much effort generations of scribes invested in preserving the Scriptures. These fragile papyri are more than archaeological treasures; they are tangible evidence of the care with which the biblical text has been copied and passed from one generation to the next.
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Three places you should not miss in Vienna
If you visit Vienna to explore church history, don’t limit yourself to the city’s famous cathedrals. Several lesser-known sites provide valuable insight into the world of the early church. The Papyrus Museum, the Ephesos Museum, and St. Augustine Church each offer a unique perspective on the history of Christianity and are well worth adding to your itinerary.
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Searching for St. Euphemia Basilica in Chalcedon
The history of Chalcedon often centers on the Basilica of St. Euphemia, the site of the Council of Chalcedon. Built over the grave of Saint Euphemia, this famous church has vanished from view, leaving behind one of the city’s greatest archaeological puzzles. Where did it stand? Historical sources, topography, and recent discoveries offer several compelling possibilities. Let us explore the leading theories.
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Reading the Ruins of Ancient Chalcedon
Most people pass over the ancient ruins of Chalcedon without realizing what lies below. I have never walked through the archaeological site myself, but anyone can look down from the main bridge in Kadıköy, on Istanbul’s Asian side, and see what archaeologists have uncovered. From that vantage point, sacred apsidal structures, marble floors, and massive column bases begin to emerge from the earth. At first glance, they look like scattered stones. Yet each one tells part of the story of an important city. So what do these discoveries actually reveal?
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